forced labour, exploitation, cocoa supply chains, tea supply chains, research, University of Sheffield, Ghana, IndiaEthical certification schemes are failing to combat forced labour in tea and cocoa supply chains.

Labour exploitation including forced labour is endemic at the base of global tea and cocoa supply chains, according to a pioneering international study published by researchers at the University of Sheffield earlier this week.

The two-year Global Business of Forced Labour study investigated the business models of forced labour in global tea and cocoa supply chains.

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